Pictures by Phamon Sumphanthamitr, Owart Maprang, Damiana Ravasi and Suwit Punnadee, DVM
All rights reserved.
Click at picture to enlarge.....
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Agonistic behaviour
Chasing, fighting and biting another individual, in this case always from the same group. The term includes the behaviours of treat, aggression, fight, dominance, reconciliation and fight, which appear during aggressive intra-specific interaction (territory, hierarchy) (Mainardi 1992)
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Auto Groom
Scratching or picking over part of their bodies using fingers, teeth and/or lups, not including brief scratching. Pause inferior to 1 minute were included in the behaviour.
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Auto play
Behaviour showed especially by young gibbons by jumping around in repeated patterns, hanging and twisting around rapidly, manipulating various inanimate objects. It included brief periods of rest (<1 minute)
Picture by Damiana Ravasi
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Brachiating
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To move along by swinging from one hold to the next with the arms. |
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Climb
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To move toward the top of something using the hands and feet. |
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Coprophagia
Eating own feaces |
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Copulation
To have sexual intercourse
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Copulation
To have sexual intercourse
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Copulation
To have sexual intercourse
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Defecate
To remove impurities from solution
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Drink
Gibbons in the wild get much of their moisture needs from the food they eat (i.e fruits). Water can also be licked from the hands or directly from leaves, branches, body. When the water is not available in this form, gibbons can drink from bowls in large trees, in this case the animal dips the hand into the water and lick from the hairds of the hands (Ellefson 1974)
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Drink
Gibbons in the wild get much of their moisture needs from the food they eat (i.e fruits). Water can also be licked from the hands or directly from leaves, branches, body. When the water is not available in this form, gibbons can drink from bowls in large trees, in this case the animal dips the hand into the water and lick from the hairds of the hands (Ellefson 1974)
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Feed
The animal foraged on food provided by the project, normally taken from one of the feeding stations located in the area.
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Forage Wild
The animal engaged in plucking and eating in a single large food source or a cluster of food sources. Included plucking, putting into mouth, chewing, shifting postures at one feeding spot, movement around a single food source or tight cluster of food sources to different feeding spots, looking for the next bit of food to pick or spot to move to, and resting for brief intervals (<1 minute) |
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Habituate
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To learn or teach a person or animal not to respond to a stimulus that is frequently repeated. |
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Hanging and doing nothing
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If the gibbon is hanging and doing nothing (it can happens) for more than 1 minute. It is not feeding, not resting. |
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Leap
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To cause an animal to jump over something. |
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Mutual groom
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Grooming and being groomed from other group’s members, including interruptions inferior to one minute |
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Rest
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The gibbon was sit or reclined in one spot for more than 1 minute, without engaging in other activities, except scratching itself. Resting was not noted when the gibbon was taking a short break within feeding, traveling or playing. |
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Singing
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Vocalization male song
The adult male was singing alone in a song’s bout, including brief intervals. The same behavior was noted also if the male continued a duet song but the female stopped replying.
Vocalization female song
The adult female was singing alone in a song’s bout.
Vocalization duet song
Male and female were singing together in a duet song’s bout, including the great call and coda sequence. |
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Sleeping
Resting eyes closed, lying sideways, on the back, or sitting.
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Sleeping
Resting eyes closed, lying sideways, on the back, or sitting.
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Social play
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Wrestling, chasing, biting, and fighting with another gibbon, also with possible brief periods of rest (< 1 minute). |
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Stare
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Looking at something very specifically |
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Sucking
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Still feeding on its mother’s milk and not yet weaned. |
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Travel |
Moving from tree to tree (without feeding at the same time), for more than 1 minute or more than 50 meters. If the animal was traveling and following the staff to get food from the baskets, a remark was added in the comments. Travel included brief pauses (< 1 minute).
Picture by Damiana Ravasi |
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Urination
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To discharge urine from the body. |
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Walk
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To move or travel on legs and feet, alternately putting one foot a comfortable distance in front of, or sometimes behind, the other and usually proceeding at a moderate pace. |
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